Martensitic Stainless Steel: The main alloying element is chromium. Typically used in weakly corrosive media such as sea water, fresh water, and steam, with use temperatures ≤580°C. Usually employed as production materials for high-stress components and tools. Due to poor welding performance, it is generally not used as welding parts.
Through heat treatment, the mechanical properties can be adjusted. Typical grades are Cr13 type (2Cr13, 3Cr13, 4Cr13, etc.). High hardness after quenching, with different strength and toughness combinations based on tempering temperature. Mainly used in steam turbine blades, cutlery, and surgical instruments.
Austenitic Stainless Steel: The main alloying elements are chromium and nickel. This type of steel has high toughness, low brittle transition temperature, good corrosion resistance and high temperature strength, excellent oxidation resistance, and good pressure processing and welding properties.
When Cr is about 18%, Ni 8-10%, and C about 0.1%, the steel has a stable austenitic structure. Austenitic stainless steel is non-magnetic with high toughness and plasticity, but low strength. It cannot be strengthened through phase change, only by cold working. With added elements like S, Ca, Se, Te, it has good machinability.
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